PERCEPÇÃO SOCIAL DE EMOÇÕES EM FACES: Julgando sexo, gênero e raça

Eloisa Souza Fernandes; Larissa Ferreira Pedrosa; Marcelo Fernandes Costa

doi:10.22289/2446-922X.V4N3A2

Autores

Eloisa Souza Fernandes Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo
Larissa Ferreira Pedrosa Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo
Marcelo Fernandes Costa Instituto de Psicologia da USP

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22289/2446-922X.V4N3A2

Palavras-chave:

Raça, Sexo, Percepção, Emoção, Preferências

Resumo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo observar as relações entre sexo, raça e julgamento de emoções em faces humanas. Para a realização do estudo, foram coletados dados sobre a identificação e intensidade percebidas sobre a emoção de faces humanas. As faces apresentadas eram de diferentes sexo e raça, além de mostrar diferentes emoções. Durante o experimento, os participantes eram expostos a essas faces e eles respondiam por meio de formulário eletrônico, o nome da emoção apresentada e, em escala tipo Likert, a intensidade que julgava a emoção na figura apresentada. A análise estatística da coleta identificou uma preferência de julgamento para faces do mesmo sexo e raça do participante. A relevância dessa preferência está relacionada a empatia entre raças e sexo, representada minimamente pelo reconhecimento de emoções mutuamente.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Arsalidou, M., Barbeau, E. J., Bayless, S. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2010). Brain responses differ to faces of mothers and fathers. Brain and Cognition, 74(1), 47-51. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.06.003

Balas, B., Peissig, J., & Moulson, M. (2015). Children (but not adults) judge similarity in own- and other-race faces by the color of their skin. J.Exp.Child Psychol., 130, 56-66. doi: S0022-0965(14)00179-9 [pii];10.1016/j.jecp.2014.09.009 [doi]

Balas, B. J., Schmidt, J., & Saville, A. (2015). A face detection bias for horizontal orientations develops in middle childhood. Front Psychol., 6, 772. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00772 [doi]

Barton, J. J. S., Hefter, R. L., Cherkasova, M. V., & Manoach, D. S. (2007). Investigations of face expertise in the social developmental disorders. Neurology, 69(9), 860-870.

Bindemann, M., & Burton, A. M. (2009). The role of color in human face detection. Cogn Sci., 33(6), 1144-1156. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01035.x [doi]

Boutet, I., Collin, C., & Faubert, J. (2003). Configural face encoding and spatial frequency information. Percept.Psychophys., 65(7), 1078-1093.

Braddick, O. (2017). Human Development: Faces in the Womb. Current Biology, 27(14), R704-R706. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.014

Brown, E., & Perrett, D. I. (1993). What gives a face its gender? Perception, 22(7), 829-840.

Butler, P. D., Tambini, A., Yovel, G., Jalbrzikowski, M., Ziwich, R., Silipo, G., . . . Javitt, D. C. (2008). What's in a face? Effects of stimulus duration and inversion on face processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr.Res., 103(1-3), 283-292. doi: S0920-9964(08)00148-5 [pii];10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.007 [doi]

Chen, J. (2014). Face recognition as a predictor of social cognitive ability: Effects of emotion and race on face processing. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17(1), 61-69. doi: 10.1111/ajsp.12041

Choi, J. Y., Ro, Y. M., & Plataniotis, K. N. (2009). Color face recognition for degraded face images. IEEE Trans.Syst.Man.Cybern.B Cybern., 39(5), 1217-1230. doi: 10.1109/TSMCB.2009.2014245 [doi]

Choi, J. Y., Ro, Y. M., & Plataniotis, K. N. (2011). Boosting color feature selection for color face recognition. IEEE Trans.Image Process, 20(5), 1425-1434. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2093906 [doi]

Coelho, C. M., Cloete, S., & Wallis, G. (2010). The face-in-the-crowd effect: when angry faces are just cross(es). J Vis, 10(1), 7 1-14. doi: 10.1167/10.1.7

Dakin, S. C., & Watt, R. J. (2009). Biological "bar codes" in human faces. J.Vis., 9(4), 2-10. doi: 10.1167/9.4.2 [doi];/9/4/2/ [pii]

Dekowska, M., Kuniecki, M., & Jaskowski, P. (2008). Facing facts: Neuronal mechanisms of face perception. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 68(2), 229-252.

Hill, H., Bruce, V., & Akamatsu, S. (1995). Perceiving the sex and race of faces: the role of shape and colour. Proc.Biol.Sci., 261(1362), 367-373. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1995.0161 [doi]

Joshua, N., & Rossell, S. (2009). Configural face processing in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 112(1-3), 99-103. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.033

Marwick, K., & Hall, J. (2008). Social cognition in schizophrenia: a review of face processing. Br.Med.Bull.

Miyahara, M., Bray, A., Tsujii, M., Fujita, C., & Sugiyama, T. (2007). Reaction time of facial affect recognition in Asperger's disorder for cartoon and real, static and moving faces. Child Psychiatry Hum.Dev., 38(2), 121-134.

Nakano, T., & Nakatani, K. (2014). Cortical networks for face perception in two-month-old infants. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 281(1793). doi: Unsp 20141468

1098/Rspb.2014.1468

O'Connor, K., Hamm, J. P., & Kirk, I. J. (2007). Neurophysiological responses to face, facial regions and objects in adults with Asperger's syndrome: an ERP investigation. Int.J.Psychophysiol., 63(3), 283-293.

Oruc, I., & Barton, J. J. S. (2010). Critical frequencies in the perception of letters, faces, and novel shapes: Evidence for limited scale invariance for faces. Journal of Vision, 10(12). doi: Artn 2010.1167/10.12.20

Pallett, P. M., Cohen, S. J., & Dobkins, K. R. (2014). Face and object discrimination in autism, and relationship to IQ and age. J.Autism Dev.Disord., 44(5), 1039-1054. doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1955-z [doi]

Pereira, S. A., Pereira Junior, A., Costa, M. F. d., Monteiro, M. d. V., Almeida, V. A. d., Fonseca Filho, G. G. d., . . . Simion, F. (2017). A comparison between preterm and full‐term infants’ preference for faces. Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português), 93(1), 35-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.07.011

Radua, J., Phillips, M. L., Russell, T., Lawrence, N., Marshall, N., Kalidindi, S., . . . Surguladze, S. A. (2010). Neural response to specific components of fearful faces in healthy and schizophrenic adults. Neuroimage, 49(1), 939-946. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.030

Riby, D. M., & Hancock, P. J. B. (2009). Do Faces Capture the Attention of Individuals with Williams Syndrome or Autism? Evidence from Tracking Eye Movements. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(3), 421-431. doi: DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0641-z

Stevens, S. S. (1939). On the problem of scales for the measurement of psychological magnitudes. The Journal of Unified Science, 8, 330-336.

Stevens, S. S. (1946). On the Theory of Scales of Measurement. Science, 103, 677-680.

Stevens, S. S., & Galanter, E. H. (1957). Ratio scales and category scales for a dozen perceptual continua. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54(6), 377-411.

Sun, H. M., & Balas, B. (2012). The influence of flankers on race categorization of faces. Atten.Percept.Psychophys., 74(8), 1654-1667. doi: 10.3758/s13414-012-0350-8 [doi]

Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., ... & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions: judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry research, 168(3), 242-249.

Vlamings, P. H., Jonkman, L. M., van, D. E., van der Gaag, R. J., & Kemner, C. (2010). Basic abnormalities in visual processing affect face processing at an early age in autism spectrum disorder. Biol.Psychiatry, 68(12), 1107-1113. doi: S0006-3223(10)00679-7 [pii];10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.024 [doi]

Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2003). Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions. Nat.Neurosci., 6(6), 624-631. doi: 10.1038/nn1057 [doi];nn1057 [pii]

Walker, P. M., Silvert, L., Hewstone, M., & Nobre, A. C. (2008). Social contact and other-race face processing in the human brain. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3(1), 16-25. doi: DOI 10.1093/scan/nsm035

Wang, B. (2013). Gender difference in recognition memory for neutral and emotional faces. Memory, 21(8), 991-1003. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.771273 [doi]

Wenger, M. J., & Townsend, J. T. (2000). Spatial frequencies in short-term memory for faces: a test of three frequency-dependent hypotheses. Mem.Cognit., 28(1), 125-142.

Williams, N. R., Willenbockel, V., & Gauthier, I. (2009). Sensitivity to spatial frequency and orientation content is not specific to face perception. Vision Res., 49(19), 2353-2362. doi: S0042-6989(09)00309-5 [pii];10.1016/j.visres.2009.06.019 [doi]

Xu, X. K., & Biederman, I. (2014). Neural Correlates of Face Detection. Cerebral Cortex, 24(6), 1555-1564. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht005

Zhu, Q., Song, Y. Y., Hu, S. Y., Li, X. B., Tian, M. Q., Zhen, Z. L., . . . Liu, J. (2010). Heritability of the Specific Cognitive Ability of Face Perception. Current Biology, 20(2), 137-142. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.067