BEM-ESTAR E PERSONALIDADE EM FUNÇÃO DE INFLUÊNCIAS GENÉTICAS E AMBIENTAIS

Eloísa de Souza Fernandes; Emma Otta

doi:10.22289/2446-922X.V10N1A40

Autores

Eloísa de Souza Fernandes Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-4902
Emma Otta Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-6182

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22289/2446-922X.V10N1A40

Palavras-chave:

Personalidade, Bem-estar subjetivo, Felicidade, Diferenças individuais, Herdabilidade, Gêmeos, Zigosidade

Resumo

O bem-estar subjetivo (BES) tem sido um foco crescente de pesquisas internacionalmente. A personalidade é um dos mais importantes preditores de BES. A interação entre BES e personalidade é explicada por um componente genético responsável pelas diferenças individuais. As diferenças individuais são um produto de processos complexos envolvendo fatores genéticos e ambientais, estimados através de estudos com gêmeos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estimar as influências genéticas e ambientais dos componentes do BES e dos fatores de personalidade entre pares de irmãos gêmeos. Responderam ao questionário online 201 pares de gêmeos, sendo 146 MZ e 55 DZ, com idade média de 30,19 anos (DP = 10,46, variação de 17 a 67 anos). Apresentamos estimativas de herdabilidade (h²) e efeitos de ambiente único (e²) para os componentes do bem-estar subjetivo: qualidade da vida e satisfação com a vida (h² = 26% e e² = 74%), afetos negativos (h² = 23% e e² = 77%) e afetos positivos (h² = 21% e e² = 79%), e para os fatores da personalidade: extroversão (h² = 55% e e² = 45%), conscienciosidade (h² = 38% e e² = 62%), abertura à experiência (h² = 35% e e² = 65%), neuroticismo (h² = 33% e e² = 67%) e amabilidade (h² = 23% e e² = 77%). Esta pesquisa tem grande potencial, conduzida em um país marcado por diferenças sociais e diversidade populacional, contribuindo para a compreensão dos fatores que influenciam a felicidade e subsidiando intervenções que visem promoção de saúde mental.

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